Dengue, flu, COVID: How to identify their symptoms as per experts

How do I know if my fever is flu, COVID, or dengue? This is a common question during monsoon when illnesses are frequently seen and the risk of different diseases increase with even minimal exposure to contamination.
Monsoon brings relief from the scorching heat, but it also ushers in a wave of health challenges. The increased humidity and rainfall create a breeding ground for bacteria and viruses, making us more susceptible to illnesses like colds, flu, and gastrointestinal infections.To stay healthy during this season, it’s essential to practice good hygiene, avoid drinking untreated water, and stay updated with vaccinations.
We at ETimes-TOI spoke to doctors to understand the basic differences between the common diseases seen during monsoon.

Monsoon illnesses have similar symptoms, but they are different

Dengue fever, influenza (flu), and COVID are fundamentally different diseases, despite the fact that they may have some similar symptoms, such as fever, says Dr. Ashutosh Shukla, Senior Director, Internal Medicine & Medical Advisor at Max hospital, Gurgaon.

He further explains: While severe headaches, nausea, and muscle and bone pain are common symptoms of dengue fever, the upper respiratory symptoms associated with other viruses are absent. On the other hand, fever and upper respiratory symptoms like a runny nose and cough are typically present when the flu strikes.
While flu-like symptoms are sometimes present in COVID, a distinct sign is a loss of taste and smell.
Because of these variances, people who have these symptoms should see a doctor as soon as possible and get the necessary blood tests to guarantee a diagnosis that is correct and prompt treatment.

Any recent travel history, and possible contact with sick people should be taken into consideration for determining reason for illness

Dr. Rimi Dey, Consultant- Critical Care , Marengo Asia Hospital Gurugram advises to take into account any additional symptoms you may be experiencing, any recent travel history, and possible contact with sick people in order to determine the exact reason for your fever. See a medical expert for an accurate diagnosis and testing, particularly if you have been in an area where there is a high prevalence of any of these disorders or if you have severe symptoms. For each of the three disorders, early detection and suitable treatment are essential.
Dr. Dey explains: Although fever is a common sign of dengue, COVID-19, and the flu, there are ways to distinguish between the three.

Flu symptoms can include a sharp fever, sore throat, exhaustion, body aches, and a dry cough. Symptoms usually appear rapidly.
Numerous flu-like symptoms, like fever, coughing, and exhaustion, are also shared by COVID-19. Nevertheless, COVID-19 can also cause dyspnea, dysphagia, and gastrointestinal problems like diarrhea. The symptoms of COVID-19 may develop more gradually.
One of the main symptoms of dengue is a sudden, high fever that can also cause severe headaches, pain behind the eyes, joint and muscular pain, rash, and moderate bleeding (like gum or nosebleeds). In regions where dengue is common, mosquito bites are typically linked to the illness.

Typical symptoms of dengue to know

Dengue fever often starts with sudden high fever, typically reaching 104°F (40°C). Accompanying symptoms include severe headache, retro-orbital pain (pain behind the eyes), and joint and muscle pain, which is why it’s sometimes called “breakbone fever.” A rash may appear, along with nausea, vomiting, and loss of appetite. Some individuals experience mild bleeding manifestations, such as nosebleeds or gum bleeding. In severe cases, dengue can progress to dengue hemorrhagic fever or dengue shock syndrome, marked by bleeding, plasma leakage, and a drop in blood pressure. Early medical attention is crucial to manage and mitigate complications.

Typical symptoms of flu one must know

Flu symptoms usually begin abruptly and can include a high fever, chills, and sweating. Individuals often experience body aches, headaches, and extreme fatigue. Sore throat, cough, and congestion are common, and some may also have a runny or stuffy nose. Muscle or joint aches and general weakness are frequent complaints, and nausea or vomiting can occur, particularly in children. Unlike the common cold, the flu tends to strike suddenly and with more intensity, impacting daily activities significantly.

Typical symptoms of COVID to know

COVID-19 symptoms can vary widely but typically include a fever, cough, and shortness of breath. Individuals may also experience fatigue, body aches, and sore throat. Loss of taste or smell, although not universal, is a notable symptom. Congestion, runny nose, nausea, and diarrhea can occur as well. Symptoms may appear 2-14 days after exposure and range from mild to severe. Severe cases can lead to difficulty breathing, chest pain, confusion, and bluish lips or face, necessitating immediate medical attention.
It’s important to get tested and follow health guidelines if you experience these symptoms.